Make, do, take, have, get: kollokaatiolista

Suomalainen valitsee usein väärän verbin: make my homework sijaan oikein on do my homework. Nämä viisi verbiä esiintyvät kymmenissä vakiintuneissa fraaseissa, jotka kannattaa opetella ulkoa. Yksi oikea kollokaatio osoittaa kielitaidon enemmän kuin pitkä lause.

Make + substantiivi

make a decision (tehdä päätös): It is time to make a decision.
make an effort (nähdä vaivaa): She made a real effort to help.
make a mistake (tehdä virhe): Everyone makes mistakes.
make progress (edistyä): The student is making good progress.
make friends (saada ystäviä): He made many friends at university.
make money (tienata): The company made a lot of money last year.
make a difference (vaikuttaa): Small actions can make a big difference.
make sense (käydä järkeen): Your explanation makes sense.
make a phone call (soittaa puhelu): I need to make a phone call.
make a promise (luvata): He made a promise he could not keep.

Do + substantiivi

do homework (tehdä läksyt): Did you do your homework?
do a favour (tehdä palvelus): Could you do me a favour?
do business (tehdä bisnestä): The company does business in 20 countries.
do the dishes (tiskata): I will do the dishes after dinner.
do research (tehdä tutkimusta): She does research on memory.
do your best (tehdä parhaansa): Just do your best in the exam.
do exercise (urheilla): Doing exercise improves mood.
do the laundry (pestä pyykit): I do the laundry on Sundays.

Take + substantiivi

take a break (pitää tauko): Let us take a short break.
take a chance (ottaa riski): You have to take a chance sometimes.
take advantage of (käyttää hyväkseen): Students should take advantage of online resources.
take place (tapahtua): The ceremony will take place tomorrow.
take part in (osallistua): All students took part in the discussion.
take action (toimia): The government must take action now.
take care of (huolehtia): She takes care of her elderly mother.
take a risk (ottaa riski): Entrepreneurs often take big risks.
take responsibility (ottaa vastuu): He took responsibility for the mistake.

Have + substantiivi

have breakfast/lunch/dinner (syödä aamiainen jne.): We have dinner at seven.
have a meeting (pitää kokous): We have a meeting at noon.
have a discussion (keskustella): They had a long discussion about the issue.
have an argument (riidellä): My parents had an argument last night.
have fun (pitää hauskaa): The children had fun at the park.
have an effect on (vaikuttaa): Diet has a strong effect on health.
have a good time (viihtyä): We had a great time in Spain.

Get + substantiivi tai adjektiivi

get tired (väsyä): I get tired after a long day.
get married (mennä naimisiin): They got married last summer.
get lost (eksyä): We got lost in the old town.
get used to (tottua): It takes time to get used to a new country.
get ready (valmistautua): Get ready for school!
get a job (saada työ): She got a job at a law firm.
get rid of (päästä eroon): We need to get rid of the old furniture.
get in touch with (ottaa yhteyttä): Please get in touch with me soon.

Yleisimmät virheet suomalaisille

Make homework vs do homework: Tämä on klassinen virhe. Tehtävät, harjoitukset ja työt tehdään do-verbillä.
Väärin: I have to make my homework.
Oikein: I have to do my homework.

Make sports vs do sports vs play sport: Yksittäinen laji on play, yleinen urheilu on do sport (BrE) tai play sports (AmE).
Väärin: I make sports every day.
Oikein: I do sport every day. / I play football every day.

Do a decision vs make a decision: Päätökset, virheet ja vaikutelmat luodaan make-verbillä.
Väärin: I did a difficult decision.
Oikein: I made a difficult decision.

Have a shower vs take a shower: Brittienglannissa have a shower, amerikenenglannissa take a shower. Suomalaisessa lukiossa opetetaan yleensä brittilinjaa, joten have on turvallinen valinta.

Lue myös: Vahvat adjektiivit esseeseen ja Englannin sanaston kasvattaminen.